Lowering expectations is done by opening with a comment about the ability to speak or the level of English - the type of 'Excuse me in advance for my English' or 'In the next half hour I'm going to bore you with a heavy accent about the financial reports' and the like. This kind of expression makes the speaker feel that the expectations are lower and therefore it will be easier for him to meet them. Two additional benefits he achieves are, first of all, an improvement in his credibility, and secondly, increased empathy towards him - because he faces difficulty, because he recognizes his weaknesses and because he is human.

To all those important people in their own right who say 'in my organization it is forbidden to show this kind of weakness' I am addressing For the video and analysis of a speech By JK Rowling at Harvard University - The author of Harry Potter and the richest woman in Britain is undoubtedly under a very heavy bar of expectations, yet she opens by saying "Thank you for inviting me here, I want you to know that the pressure of appearing before you has made me nauseous and completely lost my appetite , and that's how thanks to you I was finally able to lose weight"

Sporty look

Here the approach to reducing stress is by looking at the value of participation above the value of success. The technique can work in two ways (together or separately): we can say to ourselves 'it's just a speech, what can happen?' And in this way see failure as a learning experience and not the end of the world. The second way is to look at the whole process and see that the speech is only one part of it. Such a technique can be used in a variety of scenarios, whether it is a presentation of an article or a seminar (in which case the really important thing is the article that will be read regardless) or a sales presentation (in which case the really important thing is the face-to-face meeting afterwards with the manager) or a report on a project (Then what is really important is the project itself).

Fatalism

It's a technique where you simply put up with the failure in advance - in fact, it's an extreme version of the technique of lowering expectations. The idea is to start by assuming that the speech will not be successful and continue from there. The advantage of the technique is that it greatly helps to reduce the pressure even before the speech, a pressure that weighs heavily on many people (as opposed to a technique that lowers expectations which is manifested only at the beginning of the speech). The disadvantage of the method is that it affects the ability 

The problem with the technique lies in its counter-intuitive op - it works in reverse, in that only if you believe you will fail you will be able to succeed and on the other hand if you expect to succeed you will make yourself fail. For this reason, the method is not suitable for everyone and it is important to test it 'small' before applying it to a big speech.

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